• Anticipate natural risks linked to flooding, desertification, erosion, climate change, forest fires and others…

• Impact of soil, air and water pollution.
• Impact of industrial pollution on the urban environment
•  Recovery of natural substances
•  Impact on animal and plant biodiversity.
• Biogeography and biodiversity management

• Urban water resource management
• Groundwater and climate change
• Hydrogeological modeling and decision support

•  Use artificial intelligence and geometrics (GIS and remote sensing) to map natural resources and build up a database over time.
• Mapping the spatiotemporal chronology of land use
• Mapping and monitoring urban heat islands
• Use of index approaches to study various natural phenomena for future simulations.

Fossil fuels are by far the biggest contributors to global climate change, responsible for over 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions and almost 90% of all carbon dioxide emissions.

As a result, experts agree that the transition to low-carbon energies is one of the
main solutions for mitigating climate change.

(https://www.un.org/fr/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change).

Despite this, the region bordering the Mediterranean basin is experiencing a steady 1.7% increase in energy demand, driven by demographic pressure, economic growth and changing climatic conditions. Similarly, fossil fuels remain the dominant component of the energy mix, despite the fact that the region holds just 5% of the world's oil and gas reserves, 98% of which are located on the southern shore.

(https://planbleu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Note-de-synthese-38-Tendances-demographiques-Plan-Bleu.pdf).

In view of all this, it is crucial to discuss the reasons why the region is lagging behind in the development of renewable energies, to identify alternatives, assess potential and identify the keys to a successful energy transition to mitigate climate change.

• Infrastructure and built environment: Analysis of the effects of UHIs on urban infrastructure, including increased energy demand for cooling, pressure on power grids, material degradation and implications for  urbanplanning and design.
• Ecological and environmental impacts: Exploration of the impact of UHI on local ecosystems, biodiversity, water resources and urban green spaces, as well as the potential for eco-system services such as cooling, air purification and flood mitigation.
• Mitigation strategies and innovative solutions: Highlighting effective measures to mitigate UHI, such as green roofs, reflective roofs, urban forestry, reflective pavements and the integration of natural elements into urban landscapes.

• Impacts on society and the environment
• Social and environmental adaptations
• Impact on agriculture
• Impact on human health
• Policy and governance